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Xincheng Rebellion
The Xincheng Rebellion was a revolt that took place in the state of Cao Wei between late 227〔 and early 228 CE〔 during the Three Kingdoms period. The rebellion was initiated by Meng Da, a former Shu Han general who defected to Wei and was placed in charge of Xincheng commandery (located in the vicinity of present-day northwestern Hubei) in Jing Province. The revolt was swiftly suppressed within a month by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed.
==Background==
In 220, Meng Da, a general who formerly served the warlord Liu Bei, defected over to Liu's rival Cao Pi, who had inherited the title of a vassal king – "King of Wei" – from his recently deceased father Cao Cao.〔In late 220, some months after the death of his father Cao Cao, Cao Pi forced Emperor Xian (the last ruler of the Eastern Han dynasty) to abdicate the throne to him. He then proclaimed himself 'Emperor' and established the state of Cao Wei, marking the start of the Three Kingdoms period.〕 Meng Da brought along his subordinates and their families, numbering over 4,000 in total. Cao Pi was pleased when he heard that Meng Da had come to join him, and he gave Meng a warm welcome. Cao Pi appointed Meng Da as the Administrator (太守) of Xincheng (新城) commandery, which is located along the southwestern border of Wei.〔(魏略曰：達以延康元年率部曲四千餘家歸魏。文帝時初即王位，既宿知有達，聞其來，甚悅，令貴臣有識察者往觀之，還曰「將帥之才也」，或曰「卿相之器也」，王益欽達。 ... 又加拜散騎常侍，領新城太守，委以西南之任。) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 3.〕
At the time, many officials felt that Meng Da was untrustworthy and should not be given important responsibilities.〔(時眾臣或以為待之太猥，又不宜委以方任。 ...) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 3.〕 The Wei general Sima Yi, who was stationed at Wan (宛; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan) and oversaw the military affairs of Jing and Yu provinces at the time,〔(太和元年六月，天子詔帝屯于宛，加督荊、豫二州諸軍事。) ''Jin Shu'' vol. 1.〕 also cautioned Cao Pi against putting too much faith in Meng Da, but Cao did not heed Sima's advice.〔(初，蜀將孟達之降也，魏朝遇之甚厚。帝以達言行傾巧不可任，驟諫不見聽，乃以達領新城太守，封侯，假節。) ''Jin Shu'' vol. 1.〕
Meng Da was deeply favoured by Cao Pi, and he was also close friends with the Wei officials Huan Jie and Xiahou Shang. When Cao Pi died in 226, Huan Jie and Xiahou Shang had also died. Meng Da started feeling uneasy because he had been on the frontline for a long time.〔(達既為文帝所寵，又與桓階、夏侯尚親善，及文帝崩，時桓、尚皆卒，達自以羈旅久在疆埸，心不自安。) ''Weilue'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 3.〕 Throughout Meng Da's service in Xincheng, he had been friendly with Eastern Wu (a state founded by Sun Quan) and had established strong defences against possible attacks from Wei's rival state Shu Han (founded by Liu Bei). Shu's chancellor Zhuge Liang hated Meng Da for being capricious,〔Meng Da initially served Liu Zhang, a warlord in Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing). He surrendered to Liu Bei in 215 after the latter seized control of Yi Province from Liu Zhang, and served under Liu Bei for about five years before defecting to Cao Pi. Zhuge Liang perceived Meng Da as an untrustworthy person who would switch his allegiances easily.〕 and was also worried that Meng would become a threat to Shu.〔(達於是連吳固蜀，潛圖中國。蜀相諸葛亮惡其反覆，又慮其為患。) ''Jin Shu'' vol. 1.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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